C Operators

        C Operators

§      An operator is a symbol that is used to perform operations such as arithmetic, logical, bitwise, etc.

§      There are three types of operators in C language.

Figure: Types of Operators

Concept

·         Operator :

It is an entity, which perform operation that is called operator.

Example:

                 20 + 30

                        Here, + sign is an operator which perform addition.

·         Operand :

It is an entity on which operation is to be performed is know as operand or data.

Example:

                 20 + 30

                        Here, 20 and 30 number is operator or called data on which addition operation is perform.

1)     I)      Binary Operator :

·        It is operator which is requires minimum two operand or data to perform operation is known as binary operator.

·        Binary operators are arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment & bitwise.

1)     Arithmetic operator: 

Operators	Operation	Example
Addition (+)	Used for addition	10 + 5
Subtraction (-)	Use for subtraction	10 – 5
Multiplication (*)	Use for multiplication	10 * 5
Division (/)	Use for division	10 / 5
Modulus (%)	Use to find reminder after division	10 % 5

 

(Note – name of special characters i.e. + plus sign, - minus sign,

 * asterisk, / slash. & % percentage)

 

Arithmetic operation performs on different data types as follows.

Operator	Integer	float	character
+	7 + 3 = 10	4.8 + 1.2 = 6.0	‘a’+‘A’= 97+65=162
-	7 - 3 = 4	4.8 – 1.2 = 3.6	‘a’-‘A’= 97-65=32
	4-7 = -4	1.2 – 4.8= -3.6
*	7 * 3 = 21	4.8 * 1.2 = 5.76
/	7 / 3 = 2	4.8 / 1.2 = 4.0
	3 / 7 = 0	1.2 / 4.8 = 0.25
%	7 % 3 = 1
	3 % 7 =3

1)  Relational Operator:

·        Relational operator compare two values and depending on its relation certain decisions taken.

·        If relation is True it returns ‘one’ and relation is False it returns ‘zero’

·        Relational operator used in decision making statement such as ‘if’ and ‘while’

Operator	Meaning
<	Less than
< =	Less than or equal to
>	Greater than
>  =	Greater than or equal to
= =	equal to
! =	Not equal to

 

Example:

Example	Meaning	Conclusion
2 < 4	2 is less than 4	True
2 > 4	2 is greater than 4	False
2 <= 4	2 is less than or equal to 4	True
4 = = 4	4 is equal to 4	True
4 ! = 4	4 is not equal to 4	False

 

2)     Logical operators:

·        When we want to check more than one condition and make decision that time we are use logical operator.

·        The following table shows logical symbol and their meaning.

 

Logical Symbol	Meaning
& &	Logical AND
||	Logical OR
!	Logical NOT

 

 

 

Example:

·        a < b && x >= 10

In above example, it is true when the value of a is less than value of b (a < b) is true AND the value of x is equal to 10 (x = = 10) is true.

·        a < b || x >= 10

In above example, it is true when the value of a is less than value of b (a < b) is true OR the value of x is equal to 10 (x = = 10) is true.

 

3)     Assignment operator:

·        Variable = Value or Variable or Expression

·        Assignment operator is used to assign the result of an expression to a variable.

For Example,

a = 4 ;        (the 4 is copied to variable ‘a’)   

a = b ;        (the value in variable ‘b’ is copied to variable ‘a’)

a = a + 1 ; (if variable ‘a’ value is 4 then a = 4 + 1 means new value of a is 5)

·        C has shorthand assignment operators of the form,

v op  =  exp

                 

Where, v = variable

             op = arithmetic operator

            exp = expression

·        In c language there are 5 shorthand assignment operators i.e. + = , - =, * =, / = and % =

Example,

      a + = y + 1                 (Expand form of this expression is  a = a + (y + 1))

      Here, v (variable) = a

             op (arithmetic operator) = +

            exp (expression) = y + 1

       

Statement with shorthand operator	Statement with simple assignment operator
a + = 1	a  = a + 1
a -  = 2	a  = a -  2
a * = b+1	a = a * (b + 1)
c / = n + 1	c = c / (n+1)

 

 

I)